Frequently Asked Questions:
What are the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer?
As with many other cancers, symptoms of colorectal cancer may not appear until after the cancer has already progressed and spread. In addition, many common signs of colorectal cancer are the same symptoms that arise from less dangerous conditions, such as hemorrhoids irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Symptoms of colorectal cancer may include:
- Fatigue
- Abdominal cramps
- Blood in the stool, or stool that is extremely dark in color
- Diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool (e.g. stool that is stringy or pencil-like) that lasts for several days
- The sensation that you need to have a bowel movement even after you have one
- Rectal bleeding
- Unexplained weight loss
Will I get colorectal cancer if someone in my family had it?
Surprisingly, only about 5% of colorectal cancers are considered to be hereditary. With that said, you are 2-3 times more likely than the average person to develop colorectal cancer if close relatives such as parents, siblings, or children have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
What is a screening colonoscopy and when should I have one?
A screening colonoscopy is an outpatient procedure that is performed on sedated patients. This procedure uses a flexible scope equipped with a lighted camera to inspect the entire colon and rectum. During the operation, your surgeon will generally remove any polyps discovered in the colon. To prepare for the colonoscopy, you will likely be instructed only to drink clear liquids like water and chicken broth the day before the procedure.
If you are considered an average risk for colorectal cancer, it is recommended that you begin screening at 45. If no concerns are raised, screening should continue to be done every 10 years thereafter. Of course, there are some exceptions to this guideline. For instance:
- African Americans are usually at higher risk for colorectal cancer, and should thus begin screening earlier than age 45
- Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer should begin screening around age 40
- Any other individuals at high risk (those with hereditary syndromes, IBS, etc.) should begin screening earlier than age 45, and should screen more frequently thereafter
Can I prevent colorectal cancer?
Unfortunately, there is no 100% guaranteed way to prevent colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing this disease. These include:
- Engaging in 2 1/2 hours of moderate to strenuous physical exercise every week
- Limiting the amount of red and processed meats you eat
- Taking in adequate amounts of calcium, fiber, fruits, and vegetables
- Limiting your daily alcohol consumption (1 drink for women, 2 drinks for men)
- Avoiding/quitting cigarettes and other forms of smoking
- Working to maintain a healthy body mass index and weight
What is the prognosis when diagnosed with colorectal cancer?
Regardless of the stage, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer is about 63%. When caught earlier, however, the rate increases to 91%.
Source: Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers